Research Article
Determination of Lead in Eleuthero Root Extract by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Yusuf Yildiz*
,
Recep Karadag,
Zehra Nilsu Ergin
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
36-40
Received:
7 April 2025
Accepted:
17 April 2025
Published:
26 May 2025
Abstract: Eleuthero root extract (also known as Siberian ginseng) is an herbal supplement derived from the root of Eleutherococcus senticosus, a shrub native to north eastern China, Japan, Russia, particularly Siberia. Eleuthero has been used for over 2,000 years in traditional medicine, particularly in Chinese and Russian healing systems. American and Asian ginseng vary in their concentration of active compounds and effects on the body. Ginseng is an herb rich in antioxidants. It may offer benefits for brain health, immune function, blood sugar management, and more. However, more research is necessary. In this present study, explores the application of various analytical techniques for the quantification of lead (Pb) in eleuthero root extract samples. We measured the concentration of eleuthero root extract by using AAS, atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A pretreatment method of the samples, digested the analyte with a mixed acid solution. The AAS method was successfully used for the determination of lead in eleuthero root extract sample. Spectrophotometric determination of lead in eleuthero root extract sample was found to be adequately sensitive in terms of linearity, repeatability, and accuracy. The correlation coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.99866, average percent recovery was 97.1%, spiked sample, and 98.6% for the duplicate; and average sample result have been found 1.27 mg/Kg. The results were within the specification of not more than 10 mg/Kg. maximum.
Abstract: Eleuthero root extract (also known as Siberian ginseng) is an herbal supplement derived from the root of Eleutherococcus senticosus, a shrub native to north eastern China, Japan, Russia, particularly Siberia. Eleuthero has been used for over 2,000 years in traditional medicine, particularly in Chinese and Russian healing systems. American and Asian...
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Research Article
Simple and Effective UV Spectrophotometric Method for Nicotine Determination in Nicotine Pouches
Seok Chan Park*,
Fadi Aldeek
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
55-62
Received:
24 April 2025
Accepted:
8 May 2025
Published:
16 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjac.20251302.13
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Views:
Abstract: As nicotine pouches have emerged as a potentially reduced-risk alternative to smoking cigarettes, accurate determination of nicotine concentration in these pouches is vital for ensuring regulatory compliance and product consistency. Although chromatographic methods such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) have proven effective for determining nicotine content in nicotine pouches, they involve multiple steps and time-consuming procedures. In this study, we developed and validated a simple ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry method for nicotine analysis in nicotine pouches. The UV spectrophotometry method simplifies the process of nicotine quantitation by reducing reagent preparation, extraction steps, and analysis time, offering ease of implementation and making it suitable for routine testing. The method was validated using 12 nicotine pouches of four flavor variants (original, citrus, mint, and wintergreen) and three nicotine levels (2, 4, and 8 mg per pouch). The method demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 95.2% to 107.7% recovery, repeatability with less than 8.02% relative standard deviation (RSD), and intermediate precision with less than 8.44% RSD. Robustness tests showed a less than 2% change for varying extraction times and devices. We demonstrated the applicability and accuracy of this UV method by comparing the nicotine quantitation results to results obtained from a standardized chromatographic Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method (CRM). We believe this method is a valuable tool for nicotine analysis in nicotine pouches, supporting product development, quality control, and regulatory reporting.
Abstract: As nicotine pouches have emerged as a potentially reduced-risk alternative to smoking cigarettes, accurate determination of nicotine concentration in these pouches is vital for ensuring regulatory compliance and product consistency. Although chromatographic methods such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromato...
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